Crombie grants that some of the older science became 
more accessible via printing; but does he not simply ignore the 
dynamic of later medieval science towards visual formulation? 
For, to translate force and energy into visual graphs and 
experiments was, as it continued to be until the discovery of 
electro-magnetic waves, the heart of modern science. Today, 
visualization is recessive and this makes us aware of its 
peculiar strategies during the Renaissance.

The invention of typography confirmed and extended the new 
visual stress of applied knowledge, providing the first uniformly 
repeatable commodity, the first assembly line, and the first 
mass production.

*     The invention of typography, as such, is an example of the 
application of the knowledge of traditional crafts to a special